_Charles I D'ALBRET ______+
|
_Guillaume D'ALBRET _|
| |
| |_Marie DE SULLY __________+
|
|
|--Jeanne D'ALBRET
|
| _Bernard VII DE ARMAGNAC _
| |
|_Anne DE ARMAGNAC ___|
|
|_Bonne DE BERRY __________+
(1365 - 1435)
__
|
_Cadelon I DE AUNAY _|
| |
| |__
|
|
|--Cadelon II DE AUNAY
|
| __
| |
|_____________________|
|
|__
_Robert II "The Magnificent" DE NORMANDY _+
| (1008 - 1035)
_William I "The Conqueror" DE NORMANDY _|
| (1024 - 1087) |
| |_Herleva DE FALAISE ______________________+
| (1003 - ....)
|
|--William "The Elder" DE PEVEREL
| (1034 - 1113)
| _Ingelric ________________________________
| |
|_Concubine _____________________________|
|
|__________________________________________
[153]
The origin of the second castle has been the source of many
controversies. Some writers assert that it was built by William the
Conqueror; others refer to the fact that Doomsday book makes no
allusion to the castle, and thence argue that it was erected by
PEVEREL.
AMDEN says "William the Norman built the castle to bridle the English;
and it was so strong by nature and art (according to William NEWBURGH),
that if properly defended, it seemed as if nothing but famine could
force it." M. Rapin de THOYRAS, in his History of England, states that,
after the Conqueror had fortified the castle of Warwick, "he built a
citadel at Nottingham." HOLLINSHED and STOW attribute its erection to
the king. SMOLLETT asserts that, "as William advanced in his march, he
built strong castles at Warwick and Nottingham." THOROTON remarks on
the fact that no mention is made in Doomsday book of Nottingham Castle,
and elsewhere observes: "When this castle was built I certainly find
not, but doubtless it was by PEVEREL." He doubts very much, however,
concerning the founder. RASTALL, in his History of the Antiquities of
the Town and Church of Southwell, states that William PEVEREL, "who
attended the Conqueror to England, built the old Castle of Nottingham.
He had the dominion of Nottingham and the Forest of Sherwood, and was
possessed of divers manors and princely estates in the neighbourhood
thereof."
EERING thinks that "soon after the Conquest, King William the Conqueror
either repaired the ancient fastness, or else built quite a new castle
on the same spot where the old tower stood; for history tells us that
when Edwyn Earl of Chester, and MORCAR, his brother, Earl of
Northumberland, had raised an army in the north and revolted, King
William the First drew his forces together with the utmost expedition
and marched against them; in his march he fortified the Castle of
Warwick; this was A.D. 1068, in the second year of his reign. At this
very time he also built the Castle of Nottingham, to secure a retreat
in case of necessity and to keep the town in awe." THROSBY says "all
writers agree that it was built about the time of the Conquest, or an
old castle which stood on this bold rock was then much enlarged and
repaired." GIBSON, the continuator of Camden, is of opinion that
PEVEREL erected the building.
BLACKNER thinks "it is highly probable that this castle was not built
till the latter end of William's reign. And, to free himself from the
care of the undertaking, he might commission his son, PEVEREL, to see
the work done at his own discretion. He being a military man, and
therefore fit for such an undertaking, and also from his possessing
fifty-five lordships in the county and being lord of the borough of
Nottingham, he would have a particular, as well as a general, interest
in keeping the neighbourhood in subjection. And the object not being
completed or, possibly, the building not being begun at the time this
country was surveyed, may be assigned as the cause why the castle is
not mentioned in Doomsday book. These propositions being admitted, the
jarring ideas of our historians are at once reconciled; for though
William ordered the re-building of the fortress PEVEREL was the
ostensible character in the work."
ICKLIN says that, "having established his authority in this part of the
kingdom by the erection of a powerful castle, William committed the
custody of this important station to the care of William PEVEREL, his
natural son." The fact of the castle not being mentioned in Doomsday
book has led others erroneously to suppose that is was not built till
the reign of Henry I.
Whether built by the king himself or by his son, we may well believe it
was with mingled despair and rage that the Saxon saw the Norman
fortalice arise on the summit of that lofty ridge which at once
commanded a view of the approaching foe and provided an impregnable
asylum for the fortress in days when artillery was unknown. When the
Conqueror departed for Lincoln he left a strong garrison under the
newly created governor, who doubtless discovered before long the
difficulty of subduing the people.
he peerage of England places PEVEREL the elder as the first Earl of
Nottingham. CAMDEN says he was appointed "governor of this county, with
the title, not of Earl, but Lord of Nottingham." During the reigns of
William RUFUS and Henry I., the custodiers of the castle were the first
governor and his son, who succeeded to his title and estates. William
PEVEREL the elder was an illegitimate son of the Norman monarch by the
daughter of INGELRIC, the founder of the church of St.
Martin's-le-grand, London. He simply writes himself "William PEVEREL,
of Nottingham," a distinction implying his particular connexion with
the town and his consequence in it; but he is never called Comes, or
even Dominus de Nottingham.
DEERING says that INGELRIC'S anonymous daughter, the mistress of the
Conqueror, was given in marriage, by her royal paramour, to one Ranulph
PEVEREL, who attended him into England, with the consent of her husband
that this son whom she had previously presented to the king should bear
the name of PEVEREL also. The more general account is that the wife of
Ranulph was the mistress of the king, whose issue by her took the name
she then bore. Sir William POLE, in his collection for Devonshire,
speaking of the branch which settled in that county, says the name was
"PEVERELL or PIPERELL." This does not, however, illustrate its
derivation; and Mr. J.R. PLANCHE, of whose paper on "The PEVERELS" we
have availed ourselves in this chapter, thinks that like MERCHINUS and
similar appellations it had a personal signification, and that it was a
corruption of PUERULUS, which is almost identical with PUERULLUS as we
find it written in the Anglo-Norman Pipe and Pea Rolls.
illiam PEVEREL, the first governor of Nottingham Castle, married a lady
whom he calls Adelina; and he had issue by her, a son named also
William, and other children whom he does not name. Two of these
children, were daughters, Matilda and Adeliza. He founded the great
monasteries of Lenton and Northampton, which he endowed with a liberal
hand, as he well might, being the fortunate holder of 162 lordships in
England. He established a court of pleas, and displayed superior
ability in all his actions. Finally, full of years and honors,
according to the register of St. James's, Northampton, he died the
fifth kalends of February, 1113, the thirteenth of Henry I.; Adelina,
his widow, surviving him, according to the same authority, only six
years. But this is not reconcileable with the fact that in the fifth of
King Stephen "Adelina, mother of William PEVEREL, of Nottingham," was
pardoned by the king 18s., as appears by the sheriff's account to the
Danegeld for the year 1140. The register of St. James's also certifies
that Sir William, son of the elder PEVEREL, died in his father's
life-time, the date given being the sixteenth kalends of May, 1100,
"which," says THOROTON, "cannot be true unless he had another son named
William, for I find that William PEVEREL, at the entreaty of his
faithful wife Adelina, gave to the monastery of Lenton (at or nigh the
foundation) the churches of Hecham and Randon. William PEVEREL, his
son, by ill advice, took them away for a long time; but repenting, he,
for the love of the worship of God and for the safety of the souls of
his said father and mother, by the consent of his heir, William the
younger, restored them again." It is by no means improbable that the
first William PEVEREL might have had two sons named William. From the
Pipe Roll of the fifth of King Stephen, it appears that in that year a
William PEVEREL of Nottingham, the son or grandson of the first
William, gave account of £23 6s. 8d., of the pleas of the forest, and
in the early part of the same king's reign we find in the sovereign's
charter to the monks of Lenton mention of William PEVEREL, junior, his
wife Oddonda, and his son Henry. In 1141 was fought the battle of
Lincoln in which King Stephen was taken prisoner, and with him his firm
friend and champion William PEVEREL, who had been one of the leaders at
the battle of Northallert
_Tommasso II DE SAVOIE _____________________+
| (1199 - 1258)
_Amadee V DE SAVOIE _|
| m 1304 |
| |_Beatrice Fieschi DI LAVAGNA _______________
|
|
|--Catherine DE SAVOIE
|
| _John I Louvain*The Victorious* DE BRABANT _
| |
|_Maria DE BRABANT ___|
m 1304 |
|_Margarethe I DE FLANDERS __________________
_Chlothar Lothar I "The Old" FRANKS _+
| (0511 - 0561) m 0538
_Chilperic I of FRANKS _|
| (0528 - 0584) |
| |_Aregunde FRANKS ____________________
| m 0538
|
|--Basina FRANKS-SOISSONS
|
| _____________________________________
| |
|_Audovera of FRANKS ____|
|
|_____________________________________
_Schuyler Grant MEADOWS _+
| (1868 - 1959)
_Wilbur Wimbish MEADOWS _|
| (1900 - 1974) m 1920 |
| |_Mary Alice WIMBISH _____+
| (1873 - 1944)
|
|--Laura LaVerne MEADOWS
| (1928 - 1984)
| _Charles Worth YOUNG ____
| | (1869 - 1905) m 1894
|_Lucille Stafford YOUNG _|
(1899 - 1984) m 1920 |
|_Laura Eugenia COLSON ___+
(1875 - 1927) m 1894
[82]
Laura died in New Mexico after a period in the hospital subsequent to
an automobile accide
_Frederik I VON GOTTORP _
|
_Christian III OLDENBURG ________|
| |
| |_Anne VON HOHENZOLLERN __
| (1487 - 1547)
|
|--Frederik II OLDENBURG
|
| _________________________
| |
|_Dorothea VON SACHSEN-LAUENBURG _|
|
|_________________________